Localization

USAID defines localization as the set of internal reforms, actions, and behavior changes that we are undertaking to ensure our work puts local actors in the lead, strengthens local systems, and is responsive to local communities. Informed by over a decade of experience, we are undertaking four lines of effort: Adapting our policies and programs ... Localization is the adaptation of a product or service to meet the needs of a particular language, culture or desired population's "look-and-feel." Currency, as well as time and date formats, are some of the crucial technical elements of localization. These seemingly unimportant details show your customers that you value them and want to make their experience more enjoyable. Hence, you need to make sure that everything is localized for your target market.Apr 19, 2022 · To simplify it a bit, translation deals solely with the language part of the equation. Localization is about everything else, including cultural references, systems of measurement, currencies, regional terms, character names and more. The two work hand in hand to make for the most fluid experience for whoever encounters the media or product. Localization refers to the process of adapting and tailoring content, products, or services to suit the cultural, linguistic, and regional preferences of a specific target audience. It involves modifying elements such as language, imagery, design, and even functionality to ensure that the content resonates with, and is easily understood by individuals in different parts of …Mar 10, 2023 · To be more specific: Translation renders a message from one language into another. Localization adapts a translated message to the local context of the recipient. This one big difference makes translation a key part of localization. Both processes are mutually reinforcing and linked under the umbrella of globalization. Localization is the process of adapting a product or content to a specific location or market, such as changing graphics, content, and formats to suit the …Jun 17, 2021 · A hallmark of the Hermitian Anderson model with uncorrelated disorder is the equivalence between spectral localization and dynamical localization 37,38, that is, exponential localization of all ...LOCALIZATION definition: 1. the process of organizing a business or industry so that its main activities happen in local…. Learn more. There is a need for systems that can bridge this gap and create continuity in localization regardless of location. Indoor localization is a challenging problem, particularly in complex indoor spaces such as shopping malls, schools, high-rise buildings, hospitals, subways, tunnels, and mines. These variety of locales involve differing ambient ...The following UI localization best practices will ensure that you avoid all of the standard mistakes many developers and product managers make at this stage. From design to translation to implementation, these are the tactics that will keep your localization process efficient, cost-effective, and on pace with the deadlines of your global launch. Marketing localization can thus call for: Translating your content marketing collateral into the native languages of the local market. Changing the style and layout of various marketing assets to match the target audience’s purchasing preferences. Modifying the visuals, design, and color of your marketing collateral to appeal to the target ...Localization of sensation, ability to tell what part of the body is affected by touch or other sensation; see Allochiria. Neurologic localization, in neurology, the process of deducing the location of injury based on symptoms and neurological examination. Nuclear localization signal, an amino acid sequence on the surface of a protein which acts ... Streamline your team's workflow, maximize productivity, and speed up expansion to other markets. Set up an integration with your code repository or your own custom SDK via Lokalise's powerful API. Do that once, and every time you make changes in the code, they'll be automatically imported to Lokalise for translation.Software localization is the translation and adaptation of a software or web product, including the software itself and all related product documentation. Traditional translation is typically performed after the source document has been finalized, while software localization projects often run in parallel with the development of the source ... Localization technology has also been developing rapidly in the past decade. SJTU Sunway Software Industry Limited was the first to formulate the concept of “information localization” in China, and in 2004 it successfully developed Yaxin CAT, a computer-aided translation tool, with the ambition of becoming the largest information ...Oct 5, 2023 · Language localisation (or localization, see spelling-differences) is the process of adapting a product that has been previously translated into multiple languages to a specific country or region (from Latin locus (place) and the English term locale, "a place where something happens or is set"). It is the second phase of a larger process of …Nov 1, 2023 · 文章浏览阅读470次。gitlab 设置中文 在“Localization”中找不到问题_gitlab中没找到localization React本地化-spfx 概括 此样本包含2个样本Web部件，这些Web部件演示了SPFx中React本地化的用法。PropertyPaneLocalization：此Web部件将语言确定为Web部件属性窗格中的设置。Oct 4, 2023 · The localization of Airbnb in China is a highly comprehensive one, covering localized product development, local hiring, local operations, local decision-making, exchanges of tech and information between the HQ and local office, etc. Devising an app localization strategy. The app localization process starts with strategy. 1. Define Your Target Audience. The first step when it comes to content localization strategy is to define your target audience. Instead of saying, “I want to translate my website to Spanish,” you’ll need to consider which Spanish-speaking audience you want to focus on. Before settling on a locale, you’ll want to do some research to ...Localization is the process of adapting a product or content to a specific location or market, such as changing graphics, content, and formats to suit the …Currency, as well as time and date formats, are some of the crucial technical elements of localization. These seemingly unimportant details show your customers that you value them and want to make their experience more enjoyable. Hence, you need to make sure that everything is localized for your target market.Apr 21, 2023 · Internationalization (i18n) is the process of designing and developing software or products that can be adapted to different languages and cultures, while localization (l10n) is the process of adapting a product or content for a specific locale or market. Internationalization involves designing products with language and cultural differences in ... Dec 7, 2023 · Leverage internationalization and localization to keep your expanding customer base engaged around the globe. As your business enters international markets, it’ll need to meet the unique needs and demands of each locale. Internationalization and localization help you overcome this challenge by tailoring your digital content to resonate …Mar 9, 2023 · Globalization vs localization. Globalization is the process by which information, products, and services are distributed across national borders. Almost paradoxically, globalization also implies localization. When you realize that the world is your oyster and you want to run a successful global business, you must go back and factor in many ... Terms. Globalization (G11N): The process of making an app support different languages and regions. The abbreviation comes from the first and last letters and the …Nov 30, 2023 · Internationalization is the foundation of a globally successful product. Internationalization is the domain of software developers. Localization always follows internationalization. Localization involves adapting all elements of your global software to the needs and preferences of users in your target market—from content and user interface ... Localization is the process of adapting a product or content to a specific location or market, such as changing graphics, content, and formats to suit the …1. You’ll reach a wider audience 2. People want customized content 3. You’ll avoid risking your reputation 4. You’ll increase customer satisfaction 5. You’ll streamline your workflow Localization is necessary to go global. In very basic terms, localization is the process of adapting something to a specific locale. Dec 1, 2023 · ASP.NET Core Blazor globalization and localization is a tutorial that teaches you how to create web apps that can adapt to different cultures and languages. You will learn how to use the Blazor framework, the RequestLocalizationOptions class, and the CultureInfo class to render dynamic and localized content to your users. Whether you want to use user override, thread level, or page level ... Localization. Localization refers to the adaptation of a product, application or document content to meet the language, cultural and other requirements of a …Glocalization is a combination of the words "globalization" and "localization", used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally, but is also adjusted to ...Do you want to make your ASP.NET Core app's content accessible and appealing to users from different cultures and languages? Learn how to use the .NET Resources system, data annotations, and HTML helpers to make your app's content localizable and ready for translation. This article will guide you through the steps and best practices for preparing …Nov 29, 2016 · fake_localization包提供了一个单一ROS node,fake_localization, 用来替代定位系统，它也提供了amcl定位算法ROS API的子集。. 该node在仿真中被频繁使用，是一种不需要大量计算资源就能进行定位的方式。. 具体来说， fake_localization是将 odometry数据转换成位姿，粒子云以及amcl ...As industries like healthcare and finance rapidly embrace AI, its transformative impact is especially potent in the 2024 localization trends. At Taia, we leverage AI and ML technologies like Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to enhance both the accuracy and cultural relevance of translations. These AI …Localization is a p rocess of modifying, restructuring, and adapting your content for your target audience in a different language. Translation is only part of the process — you'll …Jun 3, 2020 · Definition of localization. Localization is the process of adapting a product, service, advertising or any other content to a specific market. It is often confused with translation, but it actually goes way beyond. Localization requires you to convert text from one language to another, but also to adapt to all the different factors that define ... Localization allows to provide custom translations for localizable text in the components. Explanation. MudBlazor itself provides English language strings for texts found in e.g. the MudDataGrid filter options. By registering a custom MudLocalizer implementation as a Service, you can provide ...Mar 10, 2023 · To be more specific: Translation renders a message from one language into another. Localization adapts a translated message to the local context of the recipient. This one big difference makes translation a key part of localization. Both processes are mutually reinforcing and linked under the umbrella of globalization. Jul 18, 2022 · App localization is a tactic that ensures users have a smooth journey to an in-app conversion in a targeted market. When translating and localizing a mobile app, you must follow specific steps and best practices. Mobile app localization adapts an app interface that suits the global markets, often including linguistic and cultural differences. Localization allows to provide custom translations for localizable text in the components. Explanation. MudBlazor itself provides English language strings for texts found in e.g. the MudDataGrid filter options. By registering a custom MudLocalizer implementation as a Service, you can provide ...Nov 30, 2023 · Internationalization is the foundation of a globally successful product. Internationalization is the domain of software developers. Localization always follows internationalization. Localization involves adapting all elements of your global software to the needs and preferences of users in your target market—from content and user interface ... May 11, 2015 · Some authors use the term localization instead of positioning, particularly for short-range applications. The two are essentially interchangeable, although “localization” is also used to describe techniques that constrain the position solution to a particular area, such as a street or room, instead of determining coordinates." Groves, Paul D..Software localization is the translation and adaptation of a software or web product, including the software itself and all related product documentation. Traditional translation is typically performed after the source document has been finalized, while software localization projects often run in parallel with the development of the source ... Localization management means structuring, organizing, measuring, monitoring, and optimizing the process of adapting a product for different target markets. If your business is operating in different markets, you may sooner or later face the question of how to manage multilingual content effectively to reach as many customers as possible.Nov 29, 2016 · fake_localization包提供了一个单一ROS node,fake_localization, 用来替代定位系统，它也提供了amcl定位算法ROS API的子集。. 该node在仿真中被频繁使用，是一种不需要大量计算资源就能进行定位的方式。. 具体来说， fake_localization是将 odometry数据转换成位姿，粒子云以及amcl ...Language localisation (or language localization) is the process of adapting a product's translation to a specific country or region.It is the second phase of a larger process of product translation and cultural adaptation (for specific countries, regions, cultures or groups) to account for differences in distinct markets, a process known as internationalisation and localisation. Video localization can significantly benefit your business by expanding your reach to global audiences, improving user engagement, and increasing the accessibility of your content. It allows your message to resonate culturally with viewers, leading to higher retention rates and a more substantial global presence.In the Program class, let’s add localization to our application: builder.Services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Resources"); We need to set the ResourcesPath property to our Resources folder, so ASP.NET Core knows where to look for our resource files. Also, we can configure the supported cultures for our …Apr 6, 2023 · Localization is the process of adapting a product or service to meet the needs of a target audience within a particular language group or regional culture. In software and digital marketing, localization refers to tailoring the look and feel of a computer program, website, or email to the tastes of a niche target market.Mar 17, 2023 · Developing a world-ready application, including an application that can be localized into one or more languages, involves three steps: globalization, localizability review, and localization. Globalization. This step involves designing and coding an application that is culture-neutral and language-neutral, and that supports localized user ... Do you want to make your ASP.NET Core app's content accessible and appealing to users from different cultures and languages? Learn how to use the .NET Resources system, data annotations, and HTML helpers to make your app's content localizable and ready for translation. This article will guide you through the steps and best practices for preparing …The concept of geo-localization broadly refers to the process of determining an entity’s geographical location, typically in the form of Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. The entity of interest may be an image, a sequence of images, a video, a satellite image, or even objects visible within the image. Recently, massive datasets of …Improve the quality and speed of your translations with built-in CAT tools, like autocomplete, inline machine translation, segmentation, and translation memory. Save time by automating processes with two-way integrations with Figma, Sketch, or Adobe XD. Ensure quality by previewing your design in different languages and receiving valuable ... getty. In today's global economy, it's important for business leaders to recognize the significance of localization. Localization involves adapting products, services and marketing strategies to ...The High Definition Render Pipeline (HDRP) is a Scriptable Render Pipeline that lets you create cutting-edge, high-fidelity graphics on high-end platforms. EULA for …There is a need for systems that can bridge this gap and create continuity in localization regardless of location. Indoor localization is a challenging problem, particularly in complex indoor spaces such as shopping malls, schools, high-rise buildings, hospitals, subways, tunnels, and mines. These variety of locales involve differing ambient ...Glocalization is a combination of the words "globalization" and "localization", used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally, but is also adjusted to ...Nov 1, 2023 · 文章浏览阅读470次。gitlab 设置中文 在“Localization”中找不到问题_gitlab中没找到localization React本地化-spfx 概括 此样本包含2个样本Web部件，这些Web部件演示了SPFx中React本地化的用法。PropertyPaneLocalization：此Web部件将语言确定为Web部件属性窗格中的设置。May 27, 2021 · approach addresses global localization using only 3D LiDAR data without assuming any pose prior. To achieve global localization, traditional approaches rely on probabilistic state estimation techniques [25]. A popular framework is Monte Carlo localization [8], [26], [10], which uses a particle filter to estimate the robot’s pose and is …Social localisation (or localization) (from Latin locus (place) and the English term locale, "a place where something happens or is set") is, like language localization the second phase of a larger process of product and service translation and cultural adaptation (for specific countries, regions or groups) to account for differences in distinct markets and …Jun 3, 2020 · Definition of localization. Localization is the process of adapting a product, service, advertising or any other content to a specific market. It is often confused with translation, but it actually goes way beyond. Localization requires you to convert text from one language to another, but also to adapt to all the different factors that define ... Dec 9, 2019 · Single-molecule localization microscopy 1, 2, 3 circumvents the diffraction limit using centroid estimation of sparsely activated, stochastically switching, single-molecule fluorescence images ...LOCALIZATION definition: 1. the process of organizing a business or industry so that its main activities happen in local…. Learn more. Sound localization is about optimizing your brand and messaging for a market; this requires understanding the culture, attitudes and habits of those you are trying to sell to. It is about adapting ...Apr 21, 2023 · Internationalization (i18n) is the process of designing and developing software or products that can be adapted to different languages and cultures, while localization (l10n) is the process of adapting a product or content for a specific locale or market. Internationalization involves designing products with language and cultural differences in ... Streamline your team's workflow, maximize productivity, and speed up expansion to other markets. Set up an integration with your code repository or your own custom SDK via Lokalise's powerful API. Do that once, and every time you make changes in the code, they'll be automatically imported to Lokalise for translation.5 days ago · Women in Localization is deeply committed to promoting global diversity, a key priority for our organization in 2024. As a global community, we strive to be a force for promoting equal opportunities in the localization industry. Our members play a pivotal role in shaping global policies and practices, contributing to international forums, and ... Jun 22, 2023 · The localization manager is also a people manager, re-adjusting and re-aligning overall flows, escalating and preventing crisis situations, such as major delays or legal issues, all while keeping their cool under pressure. She or he is in the pole position for resolving conflicts and dealing with frustration from all sides. To understand what localization is, begin with what it isn’t. It’s not “translation”. That’s just where it starts.True localization means communicating across different markets in accordance with their cultures – adapting content and media, stories and structures to local experiences and expectations, so they make perfect sense …Localization refers to the process of adapting and tailoring content, products, or services to suit the cultural, linguistic, and regional preferences of a specific target audience. It involves modifying elements such as language, imagery, design, and even functionality to ensure that the content resonates with, and is easily understood by individuals in different parts of …Nov 9, 2021 · Mainly applying to localization: Applying to translation and localization: Symbolic meanings of visuals like images, videos, colors, emojis, etc. (e.g., you should never use images of bacon when localizing for countries where pork is taboo based on the Islamic legal system). Numeric differences: currency, units of measure, date and time formats ... The following UI localization best practices will ensure that you avoid all of the standard mistakes many developers and product managers make at this stage. From design to translation to implementation, these are the tactics that will keep your localization process efficient, cost-effective, and on pace with the deadlines of your global launch. 软件本地化. 作者：王华伟 崔启亮等. 语言：中文. 简介：本书共分为四个部分，系统阐述了本地化行业的所有相关知识. 第一部分：本地化基础知识介绍了与本地化相关的所有背景性的基础知识，包括本地化、国际化、全球化、外包以及本地化在中国的发展 ...Nov 9, 2021 · Mainly applying to localization: Applying to translation and localization: Symbolic meanings of visuals like images, videos, colors, emojis, etc. (e.g., you should never use images of bacon when localizing for countries where pork is taboo based on the Islamic legal system). Numeric differences: currency, units of measure, date and time formats ... 1. Define Your Target Audience. The first step when it comes to content localization strategy is to define your target audience. Instead of saying, “I want to translate my website to Spanish,” you’ll need to consider which Spanish-speaking audience you want to focus on. Before settling on a locale, you’ll want to do some research to ...Nuclear localization signal, an amino acid sequence on the surface of a protein which acts like a 'tag' to localize the protein in the cell; Sound localization, a listener's ability to …Localization also helps businesses to better understand the needs and wants of their target market, and cater their products and services accordingly. Additionally, localization can help to build trust with potential customers, as it shows that a business is invested in serving their specific needs.USAID defines localization as the set of internal reforms, actions, and behavior changes that we are undertaking to ensure our work puts local actors in the lead, strengthens local systems, and is responsive to local communities. Informed by over a decade of experience, we are undertaking four lines of effort: Adapting our policies and programs ... Learn what localization is, how it can help you adapt your product or service to a specific language, culture, or market, and see real-life examples of …Browse code. Localization is the process of adapting an app to meet the specific language or cultural requirements of a target market. To accomplish localization, the text and images in an app may need to be translated into multiple languages. A localized app automatically displays translated text based on the culture settings of the device.Mar 9, 2023 · Globalization vs localization. Globalization is the process by which information, products, and services are distributed across national borders. Almost paradoxically, globalization also implies localization. When you realize that the world is your oyster and you want to run a successful global business, you must go back and factor in many ... Sep 20, 2023 · What is localization. Localization involves adapting a product or service to align with the language, culture, or preferences of a specific audience. A successful localization effort results in a product or service that seamlessly integrates with the local culture, giving the impression that it was originally created for that specific market ... LOCALIZATION definition: 1. the process of organizing a business or industry so that its main activities happen in local…. Learn more. Its platform allows for efficient localization workflow management through features such as version control and chained tasks. Meanwhile, automated translation quality assurance checks, translation memory, and spelling and grammar checks reduce the occurrence of translation typos and mistakes. 5. POEditor. In very basic terms, localization is the process of adapting something to a specific locale. But, you’ll need more than that to understand its role in the global economy, the language industry, and business today.Do you want to make your ASP.NET Core app's content accessible and appealing to users from different cultures and languages? Learn how to use the .NET Resources system, data annotations, and HTML helpers to make your app's content localizable and ready for translation. This article will guide you through the steps and best practices for preparing …Aug 14, 2023 · Localization changes made during localization are specific to a particular language or culture and often involve modifying content, UI elements, and visual assets. Long-term benefit. Internationalization benefits long-term code maintainability, as language-specific elements can be added or updated without reengineering the entire product. Jul 18, 2023 · UI Localization Best Practices: Improve User Experience. Software localization is a complex process. Along with accurate translations, a software localization project involves dozens of other processes that adapt the user interface for a global audience. It requires adapting to linguistic conventions, as well as tailoring elements to specific ... Localization is the process of translating and adapting your app into multiple languages and regions. Localize your app to provide access for users who speak a variety of languages, and who download from different App Store territories. First, internationalize your code with APIs that automatically format and translate strings correctly for the ...5 days ago · Women in Localization is deeply committed to promoting global diversity, a key priority for our organization in 2024. As a global community, we strive to be a force for promoting equal opportunities in the localization industry. Our members play a pivotal role in shaping global policies and practices, contributing to international forums, and ... The official repo of Qwen-VL (通义千问-VL) chat & pretrained large vision language model proposed by Alibaba Cloud. - GitHub - QwenLM/Qwen-VL: The official …As people across the globe increasingly depend on software in their daily lives, localization has become crucial for providing a seamless user experience (UX) beyond linguistic and cultural boundaries. The …Feb 15, 2022 · Whether it’s your mockups, your CMS, or your localization tool, ensure copy always flows in the same direction from point A to point Z. 3. Keep humans in the loop. In our quest for maximum productivity and efficiency, we sometimes forget our localized copy is meant for people. When designing your localization process, keep your users in mind.Sep 26, 2023 · Installation and Setup. Ok, let’s install the localization package. In Unity’s main menu, we’ll go to Window Package Manager. You’ll be utterly shocked to realize that this opens the Package Manager window. On this window, let’s click the plus sign and select Add package from git URL. Brand localization allows you to remain consistent with brand elements across every region your brand is targeting or intends to sell to. Whether it is related to your core messaging, website, or social media channels, brand localization ensures that all elements of the brand are intact. 3 . Increase in engagement rates.LOCALIZATION的意思、解释及翻译：1. the process of organizing a business or industry so that its main activities happen in local…。了解更多。Apr 6, 2023 · Localization is the process of adapting a product or service to meet the needs of a target audience within a particular language group or regional culture. In software and digital marketing, localization refers to tailoring the look and feel of a computer program, website, or email to the tastes of a niche target market.Website localization is the process of adapting a website to suit a specific audience’s preferences and cultural nuances. It involves considering language, script, …localization, also UK: localisation n. (commerce: local focus) localización nf. ámbito local loc nom m. The localization of farming allows consumers access to fresher produce. La localización de la agricultura permite al consumidor tener acceso a frutas y verduras más frescas. localization,Visual localization, i.e., the camera pose localization within a known three-dimensional (3D) model, is a basic component for numerous applications such as autonomous driving cars and augmented reality …Jun 15, 2021 · 所以需要改封装好的东西，这时复习就很重要了，所以就记入一下吧. 1. globalization vs localization. 解释的很清楚了. startup 部分 service. 我只是调用 AddViewLocalization, 因为我没用用微软的 path 然后 AddViewLocalization 里头有调用 services.AddLocalization 了, DataAnnotation 我也没用用 ...Sound localization is about optimizing your brand and messaging for a market; this requires understanding the culture, attitudes and habits of those you are trying to sell to. It is about adapting ...Jun 8, 2021 · The exact localization process can greatly differ from company to company, depending on what teams and project managers consider to be the ideal workflow. This is how the traditional localization process looks like, though: Send the source language documents to your translators; Track the overall progress by regularly checking on translators Sep 20, 2023 · What is localization. Localization involves adapting a product or service to align with the language, culture, or preferences of a specific audience. A successful localization effort results in a product or service that seamlessly integrates with the local culture, giving the impression that it was originally created for that specific market ... Localization vs translation: Beyond words. Mirela October 2, 2023 / January 9, 2024. While translation is the bedrock of multilingual communication, it’s often only the first step in a much broader journey towards cultural adaptation. Localization takes the essence of translation and amplifies it, ensuring that content or products resonate ...Laravel's localization features provide a convenient way to retrieve strings in various languages, allowing you to easily support multiple languages within your application. Laravel provides two ways to manage translation strings. First, language strings may be stored in files within the application's lang directory.Jun 17, 2022 · Globalization is different. Globalization is the process of expanding business operations on a worldwide scale, while localization is the process of adapting products, services, and marketing to meet the specific needs of local markets. It’s more worldview than local know-how, more business mindset than cultural commentator. By Mathias Cena. AFP-JIJI. Jan 25, 2024. Behind the global success of Japanese video games lies a delicate task: appealing to overseas players whose …Ultimately, all companies serving consumers will face the challenge of local customization. We are advancing to a world where the strategies of the most successful businesses will be as diverse as ... Localization allows to provide custom translations for localizable text in the components. Explanation. MudBlazor itself provides English language strings for texts found in e.g. the MudDataGrid filter options. By registering a custom MudLocalizer implementation as a Service, you can provide ...软件本地化. 作者：王华伟 崔启亮等. 语言：中文. 简介：本书共分为四个部分，系统阐述了本地化行业的所有相关知识. 第一部分：本地化基础知识介绍了与本地化相关的所有背景性的基础知识，包括本地化、国际化、全球化、外包以及本地化在中国的发展 ...Nov 1, 2023 · 文章浏览阅读470次。gitlab 设置中文 在“Localization”中找不到问题_gitlab中没找到localization React本地化-spfx 概括 此样本包含2个样本Web部件，这些Web部件演示了SPFx中React本地化的用法。PropertyPaneLocalization：此Web部件将语言确定为Web部件属性窗格中的设置。Translation and localization are often used interchangeably, but they’re not quite the same thing. While translation is the act of changing text from one language to another, localization is a far bigger picture. Read on to learn more about the difference between translation and localization, why the latter is so important, and how a …glocalization, the simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems.The term, a linguistic hybrid of globalization and localization, was popularized by the sociologist Roland Robertson and coined, according to him, by Japanese economists to explain Japanese … | Ciapmkv (article) | Mmameu.